Muhammad Iqbal
| Allama Muhammad Iqbal محمد اِقبال | |
|---|---|
Allama Muhammad Iqbal
| |
| Born | Muhammad Iqbal 9 November 1877 Sialkot, Punjab Province, British India, (now in Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Died | 21 April 1938 (aged 60) Lahore, Punjab, British India (now in Punjab, Pakistan) |
| Nationality | British subject |
| Alma mater | Scotch Mission College (F.A.) Government College (B.A., M.A.) University of Cambridge (B.A.) University of Munich (Ph.D.) |
| Notable work | Bang-e-Dara, The Secrets of the Self, The Secrets of Selflessness, Message from the East, Persian Psalms, Javid Nama, Sare Jahan se Accha(more works) |
| Era | 20th-century philosophy |
| Region | Muslim world |
| School | Islamic philosophy |
Main interests
| Islam, Urdu poetry, Persian poetry, Law |
Notable ideas
| Allahabad Address |
Sir Muhammad Iqbal (Urdu: محمد اِقبال) (November 9, 1877 – April 21, 1938), widely known as Allama Iqbal, was a poet, philosopher and politician, as well as an academic, barrister and scholar[1][2] in British India who is widely regarded as having inspired the Pakistan Movement. He is called the "Spiritual Father of Pakistan."[3] He is considered one of the most important figures in Urdu literature,[4] with literary work in both Urdu and Persian.[2][4]
Iqbal is admired as a prominent poet by Indians, Pakistanis, Iranians and other international scholars of literature.[5][6][7]Though Iqbal is best known as an eminent poet, he is also a highly acclaimed "Muslim philosophical thinker of modern times".[2][7] His first poetry book, The Secrets of the Self, appeared in the Persian language in 1915, and other books of poetry include The Secrets of Selflessness, Message from the East and Persian Psalms. Amongst these, his best known Urdu works are The Call of the Marching Bell, Gabriel's Wing, The Rod of Moses and a part of Gift from Hijaz.[8] Along with his Urdu and Persian poetry, his Urdu and English lectures and letters have been very influential in cultural, social, religious and political disputes.[8]
In the 1923 New Years Honours he was made a Knight Bachelor by King George V,[9][10] While studying law and philosophy in England, Iqbal became a member of the London branch of the All-India Muslim League.[7][8] Later, during the League's December 1930 session, he delivered his most famous presidential speech known as the Allahabad Address in which he pushed for the creation of a Muslim state in northwest India.[7][8]
In much of South Asia and the Urdu-speaking world, Iqbal is regarded as the Shair-e-Mashriq (Urdu: شاعر مشرق, "Poet of the East").[11][12][13] He is also called Mufakkir-e-Pakistan (Urdu: مفکر پاکستان, "The Thinker of Pakistan"), Musawar-e-Pakistan (Urdu: مصور پاکستان, "Artist of Pakistan") and Hakeem-ul-Ummat (Urdu: حکیم الامت, "The Sage of the Ummah"). The Pakistan government officially named him "National Poet of Pakistan".[7] His birthday Yōm-e Welādat-e Muḥammad Iqbāl (Urdu: یوم ولادت محمد اقبال), or Iqbal Day, is a public holiday in Pakistan.[14]
Iqbal's house is still located in Sialkot and is recognized as Iqbal's Manzil and is open for visitors. His other house where he lived most of his life and died is in Lahore, named as Javed Manzil.( "Javed Manzil". ualberta.ca. Retrieved 24 July 2014.) The museum is located on Allama Iqbal Road near Lahore Railway Station, Punjab, Pakistan.[15][better source needed]It was protected under the Punjab Antiquities Act of 1975, and declared a Pakistani national monument in 1977.[15][better source needed]